Indira Gandhi biography

She was the only daughter of Jawaharlal and Kamalanehru born in November 1917. Grandfather Motilal was the father of a prominent national leader Jawaharlal Nehru was not only a freedom fighter but also the first Prime Minister of India. She completed her schooling in 1934-35 and joined Santiniketan, founded by Tagore. She then passed the University of Oxford entrance exam, spent a few months at a badminton school in Bristol and joined Somerville College in Oxford in 1937. He often met Feroze, whom he met while in Allahabad at that time. They were married in 1942. Although his name was changed to the Hindu name Gandhi, he had no connection with the Gandhi family.

She returned to India in 1941 and served as her father's personal secretary in 1950. After his death in 1964, she was elected a member of the Rajya Sabha and joined the Lal Bahadur cabinet as Information Minister. Lal Bahadur Shastri Tashkent died suddenly and Kamaraj, the then Congress president, helped her to become the Prime Minister. But very soon she learned the political lessons of how each party could overcome its opponents in its own party and win the election.

Morarji Desai, who was his Deputy Prime Minister during the first term of office, was at loggerheads with the Congress in 1966 but won in 1967 and settled with Murarji, but in 1969 the Congress split into two. Indira Gandhi ruled with the help of socialists and communists and played a significant role in liberating Bangladesh from Pakistan in 1971 with the slogan of nationalization of banks and poverty alleviation in 1969 and achieved considerable success in 1971.

She then held imperial talks with Pakistan. Despite the differences over Kashmir, the Shimla Agreement was decided to continue trade relations. However, she was pro-Soviet due to her opposition to Nixon in international relations. Her foresight did not deviate from the Indian development followed by her father. The decision to build nuclear weapons in 1967 was strengthened by China's nuclear tests and was successful in conducting the first nuclear test procrastination in 1974 under the leadership of Raja Ramanna in an effort to safeguard India's future integrity. Bhutto opposed it, arguing that it was an attempt to intimidate Pakistan, but told him and the world that the nuclear test was for peace and industrial science.

Her agrarian revolution marked a turning point for the poorest of the poor and was recognized as the supreme Prime Minister of India. But the Allahabad court ruled that she had used the public sector during the election and committed irregularities in the election and was barred from contesting the elections for 6 years after her husband was formed. She turned to prominent lawyers and the Supreme Court to dismiss her. At the same time, it imposed a state of emergency in the country and detained opposition leaders. Article 352 of the Constitution was used for this purpose. She seized more powers to consolidate her power in this extreme situation. At the same time, her second son, Sanjay Gandhi, continued to exert unbounded power over the construction of slums in northern India, forcing birth control.

Twice extended this state of emergency and called for a general election in 1977. Democrats and old foes, led by Jayaprakash Narayan, contested the elections together, believing that the progress she had made would stand in her way. Indira and her son Sanjay Gandhi also lost their seats and the Janata government was formed under the leadership of Morarji Desai. But Morarji resigned in 1979 due to differences between various groups and Charan Singh continued as Prime Minister with the help of Indira Gandhi. She left the coalition and won the January 1980 parliamentary election and became prime minister again. In 1982, Bhindranwale was assassinated by the Sikh agitators in Punjab, who sent troops into the Golden Temple. But in October 1984, she was shot in retaliation by Sikh soldiers guarding her residence. After her death, her eldest son Rajiv Gandhi took over as Prime Minister.